POWERED BY WEATHER.CITY
HOW WEATHER WORKS   THE EDGE

Wind and cold are the field goal's worst enemy — and they change what a coach will even try.

The kicking game is the cleanest weather signal in football. Two things happen as the wind rises: accuracy falls off at distance, and coaches stop attempting the long ones — so a chunk of the effect hides in the kicks that are never tried. Here's the full picture, 2006-2024 · 13,581 attempts.

FG% by Distance & Wind

the makeable-range grid
Under 30 yds30–39 yds40–49 yds50+ yds
Calm (0–8)
97.4%
n=1714
91.7%
n=1941
77.1%
n=1981
61.2%
n=952
Breezy (8–15)
97.5%
n=1458
88.3%
n=1577
75.3%
n=1610
58.9%
n=717
Windy (15–22)
95.7%
n=376
87.9%
n=438
70.4%
n=419
57.8%
n=173
Gale (22+)
96.5%
n=57
87.5%
n=88
76.3%
n=59
61.9%
n=21

Cells shaded green (accurate) → red (miss-prone). The 40+ columns are where wind bites; small samples (n) shown.

Coaches Get Conservative

50+ yard attempt share

The tell isn't just makes — it's attempts. As the wind rises, the share of kicks tried from 50+ collapses and the average attempt moves closer. The long-FG prop dries up before a ball is even snapped.

Cold Kills the Long Ball

College: Younger Legs, Bigger Swings

FBS · 2014-2021 · 16,695 attempts

College kickers are far less reliable than the NFL's, so the weather bites deeper. On 50+ yard tries, college makes just 44.9% in calm air — the pros hit 61% — and it falls off a cliff in wind. The same grid, for the college game:

Under 30 yds30–39 yds40–49 yds50+ yds
Calm (0–8)
89.7%
n=3967
75.4%
n=4186
59.5%
n=3587
44.9%
n=840
Breezy (8–15)
89.1%
n=1252
73.0%
n=1229
58.9%
n=1131
43.4%
n=226
Windy (15–22)
91.7%
n=84
77.1%
n=83
50.0%
n=60
35.0%
n=20
Gale (22+)
n=6
n=3
n=4
n=0

FBS field goals joined to per-game ERA5-Land reanalysis weather at the venue. Compare the reds here to the NFL grid above — college is a shade of red darker at every distance.

What it means for bettors

Fewer long attempts + lower accuracy = fewer field-goal points in wind and cold, feeding the under. For kicker props it's a double hit: made-FG and total-points overs get harder, and longest-FG lines should shrink with the wind. The gale-force FG% that looks "normal" is a mirage — it only holds because the hard kicks aren't attempted.

NFL play-by-play (nflverse), outdoor games. College kicking (younger legs, bigger weather swings) is next, via cfbfastR + our college reanalysis.